Another study also reported that UTI can attenuate brain edema aftermale Sprague-Dawley rats ICH, the preliminary molecular mechanism may be through thedecrease of the expression level of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and proinflammatorycytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α as well as activity of NF-κB48. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and bacterial urinary tract infection.