NR1H4 and neoplasm: In gastrointestinal cancers, such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, biliary cancer and liver cancer, miR-421 acts as a carcinogen miRNA to promote cancer development.[19–21] In biliary tract cancer and liver cancer, miR-421 promoted cell proliferation and migration by down-regulating farnesoid X receptor.[22,23] The gene encoding miR-223 is located at q12 site of X chromosome, and miR-223 play a regulatory role as both tumor promoter and tumor suppressor.