TP53 and breast carcinoma: Gut microbiome-derived butyrate may also be relevant to levels of mutant p53. Mutant p53 leads to amyloid-like oligomers that readily shift to being oncogenic, in association with an increase in chemoresistance[30], whilst also inhibiting the apoptotic effects of wild-type p53. Interestingly, sodium butyrate and other HDAC inhibitors can decrease the transcription of mutant p53, as shown in breast cancer cells, thereby making these cells more susceptible to chemotherapy[31].