Given that immune cells have their mitochondrial metabolism regulated by the circadian rhythm, primarily melatonin-Bmal1 induced OXPHOS, it requires investigation as to how relevant such circadian processes are to the interactions of these cells with GBM/GSC, including how circadian rhythms and circadian gene regulation are co-ordinated between GBM/GSC and microglia/macrophages. The gene discussed is BMAL1; the disease is glioblastoma.