Clarke et al.[58] have reported that the number of tumor-resident CD8+ T-cells at baseline, and a CD103+CD49+CD69+ subset of TILs, are more predictive of response to anti-PD-1 therapy than total CD8+ T-cells in NSCLC and could be a potential marker of primary resistance to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.