Bungum et al. proposed that the pathophysiology could involve macrophages producing IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), found in PF from women with endometriosis 95, which stimulates production of Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) 96, 97. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and endometriosis.