At the same time, it has been demonstrated that also the cytokine IL-17A is involved in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents: chemotherapy-treated cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) enhance cancer initiate cells (CIC) growth through IL-17A secretion; indeed, IL-17A binds its cognate receptor IL-17RA on CIC membrane and induces nuclear β-catenin localization and chemotherapy-resistance[56]. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and cancer.