TNF and neoplasm: TAMs have a major role in orchestrating cancer-related inflammation, and pro-inflammatory macrophages have been shown to induce EMT at the invasive margin of the tumor through inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated stabilization of the transcription factor SNAI1 via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation, while knockdown of SNAI1 suppressed inflammation-mediated breast cancer metastasis, suggesting a mechanism for EMT as a regulator of inflammation-induced metastasis[112].