Cancer cell activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway or activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway, through, e.g., acquired loss of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase PTEN, have both been shown to regulate EMT, and both signaling pathways have been mechanistically linked to immune resistance in preclinical studies[140-144]. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.