The major chemotherapeutic drug used for GBM is temozolomide (TMZ), and TMZ-resistance is a major reason for tumor recurrence following standard-of-care therapies [surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, followed by an anti-angiogenic antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as bevacizumab or Avastin]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is glioblastoma.