TIMP1 and cancer: Indeed, compound 9 inhibited angiogenesis by suppression of GRP78, VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, and cancer cells treated with 9 showed a translocation of GRP78 to the cell membrane and interaction of GRP78 with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)[61].