PITX2 and neoplasm: Upregulation of PITX2 appears to be an early event in tumorigenesis observed in tumor tissue sample at early stages[43], suggesting that PITX2 could increase susceptibility or permissibility to manifestation of mutation events or adaptive mechanisms by upregulating genes favoring tumor progression such as cell cycle control genes[312,314,322], proto-oncogenes[312,314], EMT markers[315], and MDR mediating factors[42].