Ippolito et al. [93] reported increased release and uptake of lactate from CAFs and PCa cells, respectively, resulting in lactate oxidation and alteration of NAD+/NADH ratio in PCa cells, followed by SIRT1-dependent PGC-1α activation, increased mitochondrial activity, superoxide generation and growth advantage. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.