Early methods of cancer immunotherapy targeted cytokines that affect the function of immune cells8, while the new generation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy targets immune checkpoint molecules, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand (PD-L1)9. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.