By increasing HO-1 levels, the mechanism of action of PP-007 involves activation of the MyD88 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Fig. 2), which we previously showed to be dysregulated in CF MΦs10 and found to be normalized by the drug (Figs. 2 and 3). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and cystic fibrosis.