Among the genes associated with Leptospira disease here highlighted, several of them are previously found to be associated with human neurological disorders: IMPA2, GNAL, MPPE1 and AFG3L2. IMPA2 (CIDE-N domain-containing protein) gene has been associated with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia83 and febrile seizure73. Here, MPPE1 is linked to bipolar disorder.