In all three tumours, somatic wild type allele inactivation of the relevant MMR gene and APC biallelic mutations were present in all tumour crypts and mapped onto the trunk of the tumour cluster, consistent with existing knowledge of one of the tumourigenesis pathways in LS in which adenoma formation requires both MMR deficiency and APC inactivation21,22. This evidence concerns the gene MRC1 and neoplasm.