Since infiltrated cells in the TME have been previously reported to contribute to the lymphangiogenesis and promote LN metastasis (22, 23), we evaluated whether the abundant cells in the TME of PDAC, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), were required for EV-packaged-hnRNPA1–mediated lymphangiogenesis. The gene discussed is HNRNPA1; the disease is cancer.