TNF and uveitis: We have shown previously that IVT injection of AAV-TNF-α significantly increases expression of the human transgene itself, as well as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2/MCP-125 similar to the upregulation of several cytokines and chemokines that have been measured in the vitreous humor of uveitis patients.67