Several other studies have reported on epigenetic control of the MIEP during lytic infection, demonstrating the presence of activating and repressive histone modifications (59, 80), the recruitment of repressive chromatin-modifying complexes to the MIEP by IE2 (19), and the induction of the MIEP by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (19, 81). Here, HDAC9 is linked to infection.