GAPDH and medical procedure: In most tumor samples (primary breast ductal invasive adenocarcinomas, gastric cancer, squamous lung or oesophageal carcinomas) decreased OXPHOS markers (β-F1-ATPase, heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60)) but increased glycolytic markers (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase) were observed when compared with the normal breast, gastric, lung, or oeasophageal tissues.