Targeted single-cell RNA sequencing, covering six frequently mutated genes (U2AF1, SF3B1, TET2, ASXL1, TP53, and DNMT3A) in MDS, was developed and performed on individual cells isolated from the CD34<sup>+</sup> and six lineage populations in the bone marrow of healthy donors (HDs) and patients with MDS. Here, SF3B1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.