Additionally, owing to the scarcity of literature on the relationship between HDAC3 and TGIF1, further investigation is still required so as to validate the established promoting effect of HDAC3 on ESCC cell malignant phenotypes and tumor growth through blockade of miR-494-mediated TGIF1 inhibition. Here, TGIF1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.