TPD52 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Differential expression analysis of TPD52, PKCε, KLF14 and miRNA 124 in brain cancer subtypes: astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and oligodendrogliomas revealed that the expression of TPD52 and PKCε was up regulated in glioblastomas compared to astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas (Fig. 6A and B).