VEGFA and neoplasm: Alternatively activated (“M2-like”) TAMs, MDSCs, and tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) collectively produce pro-angiogenic growth factors (e.g., VEGFA, PlGF, EGF, FGF family, PDGF-β, TGF-β and Ang-2) and immunosuppressive cytokine/chemokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and CXCL12) (Fukumura et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2020; Liang & Ferrara, 2016; Maenhout, Thielemans, & Aerts, 2014; Murdoch, Muthana, Coffelt, & Lewis, 2008; Nagarsheth, Wicha, & Zou, 2017; Ozel et al., 2022).