Several combinations of immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD1/PD-L1 and bevacizumab (anti-VEGFA) or VEGFR2-targeting TKIs have been FDA-approved to treat the highly vascularized RCC (Choueiri et al., 2020, 2021; Motzer et al., 2019, 2021, 2022; Powles et al., 2020; Rini et al., 2019; Rini, Powles, et al., 2019) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Cheng et al., 2022; Finn et al., 2020). Here, PDCD1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.