TNF and age-related macular degeneration: Untreated AMD cell lysates also showed 111.3 % higher TNF-α protein levels compared to untreated normal cell lysates: P = 0.0286; NL UN CL = 1 ± 0.1870 a.u.; AMD UN CL = 2.113 ± 0.3367 a.u. (Figure 3B).