More recently, with evidence that the lifetime risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis far outweighed the lifetime risk of prostate cancer death,2 as well as concerns of overdiagnosis or overtreatment, the USPSTF recommended against PSA screening for men older than 75 years in 20083 and subsequently transitioned to a Grade D recommendation against PSA screening for all men in 2012 (draft statement released October 2011).4 This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.