ATP5IF1 and cardiac hypertrophy: We examined ATPIF1 levels in 3 commonly used models of pathological cardiac hypertrophy: (a) pressure overload via transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice; (b) myocardial infarction (MI) by left anterior descending artery ligation in mice; and (c) adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (ARVCMs) treated with phenylephrine (PE; 10 μM) for 48 hours (Supplemental Figure 1, A–C; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI155333DS1).