The introduction of ICIs, including antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have significantly prolonged survival of patients with advanced NSCLC, with 5-year survival rates from < 5% to 23.2%, reaching 31.9% in patients with PD-L1 >50% (5–7). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.