Recent studies have demonstrated with patient cohorts of multiple cancer types that prophylactic use of pegylated recombinant human G-CSF (PEG-rhG-CSF) could reduce the incidence rate of FN to <8% during intense dose chemotherapy, compared to the incidence rate of FN >20% without the use of a G-CSF drug (9, 10). Here, CSF3 is linked to cancer.