VEGFA and neoplasm: As most non-responders will experience progression within 6-8 months of the treatment initiation, the obvious clinical strategies that have been successfully applied in other tumours with similar early treatment characteristics include the combinations of checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy and the use of checkpoint inhibitors as a maintenance therapy in non-progressing patients after the induction (42, 43) In both situations, inclusion of a VEGF-targeted therapy in the regimen appears beneficial.