MMP2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Moreover, in 2015, Zhang et al. found that MMP-2 rs243865 had a decreased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.10–0.89, p = 0.02) in a case–control study (17); interestingly, Eftekhary et al. revealed that MMP-2 rs243865 had no association with risk of ESCC among the Asian populations (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.39–1.93, p = 0.718) (18).