Lastly, a study which looked at more specialized DSNFs containing isomaltulose and sucromalt in 16 patients with T2D found lower postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses with higher glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, and decreased subjective appetite responses compared with standard formula (15). This evidence concerns the gene GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus.