Yet, our findings that HMGB1 can directly impair OL maturation may also have implications for Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, where HMGB1 released from astrocytes has been reported to promote senescence in addition to neuropathology (Gaikwad et al., 2021). Here, HMGB1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.