MAPK8 and infection: After 12 h of infection, the phosphorylation level of JNK (p-JNK) protein in the coaggregation group was higher than that in the other groups (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, #p <0.05, ##p <0.01, ###p <0.001, #compared with the control group) (Figure 9).