VIM and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The post-translational modification of Vimentin intermediate filaments such as citrullination, carbamylation, and phosphorylation is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases namely, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (Li et al., 2017a; Li et al., 2021), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Lugli et al., 2015; Nissen et al., 2019), rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) (Lugli et al., 2015), and asthma (Zaccardelli et al., 2019; Zaccardelli et al., 2021).