The increased activity of PAD2 in the macrophages (Makrygiannakis et al., 2008), likely contribute to the increased levels of citrullinated vimentin in the lungs and serum of COPD patients (Wood et al., 2011; Lugli et al., 2015; Nissen et al., 2019). Here, VIM is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.