Mentioned earlier, the gonadal steroids estrogen and testosterone have both been shown to induce TUBB3 expression and have emerged as potential drivers of TUBB3/βIII-tubulin expression in cancer (Butler et al., 2001; Saussede-Aim et al., 2009a; Mariani et al., 2012), however estrogen and androgen receptor elements (ERE and ARE respectively) in the TUBB3 loci not been identified. Here, TUBB3 is linked to cancer.