TUBB3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Indeed, the impact of aberrant TUBB3 expression impacts drug resistance in different types of cancer, as in ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer where elevated TUBB3 expression is associated with drug resistance (Kavallaris et al., 1997; Kavallaris et al., 1999), while increased TUBB3 expression in breast cancer and melanoma cells has been identified as a sign of increased drug sensitivity (Akasaka et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2013).