VAPB and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Mutant VAPB is also able to alter autophagic flux in multiple cell lines and a mutant knock-in mouse model (Larroquette et al., 2015), and accumulation of autophagy structures colocalising with VAPB has been reported in a VAPB-ALS patient fibroblasts and muscle biopsy (Tripathi et al., 2021).