DPY19L2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: A total of three functional genes were located on three-trait pleiotropic ROH, such as DPY19L2 gene is related to spermatogenesis and embryonic development (48); BMPER null mutants lead to prenatal lethality with skeletal malformations in both human and mice (49, 50); Loss-of-function mutations in human BSS9 cause Bardet–Biedl syndrome, including obesity, renal anomalies, and retinopathy (51).