MBP and Cognitive impairment: While prefrontal cortex hypomyelination was associated with post-weaning social isolation (Makinodan et al., 2012), cognitive impairments that were observed in offsprings after perinatal high-fat diet exposure were associated with reduced expression of MBP in the hippocampus, but not the prefrontal cortex (Bordeleau et al., 2021), which suggests that the mechanisms by which these environmental factors may target the prefrontal cortex may be different.