For example, the exposure of keratinocytes to UV-radiation initiates critical cellular signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the JAK/STAT (signal transduction and activation of transcription), and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), critical regulators of inflammation and cancer (69). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is cancer.