AGER and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this study, L-4F-treated T2DM-stroke animals also exhibit decreased blood glucose level, which is consistent with our previous results that L-4F decreased high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), advanced glycation end-product receptor (RAGE), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the ischemic brain in T2DM-stroke mice (46).