L-4F treatment significantly decreased G-ratio, increased the axon density, phosphorylated-neurofilaments, myelin density, number of myelinated-axons, myelin-sheath thickness, and the number of OLs and OPCs in the IBZ (p < 0.05, n = 9/group) and also the protein/mRNA levels of MBP in the ischemic brain tissues (p < 0.05, n = 6/group) in both ABCA1fl/fl-T2DM and ABCA−B/−B-T2DM stroke mice when compared with the vehicle-control group, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene MBP and type 2 diabetes mellitus.