IL6 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), DCA and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synergistically induce senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), including IL-6, growth-regulated oncogene-α, chemokine 9 and prostaglandin E2, resulting in a tumorigenic microenvironment that promotes HCC development in mice (Yoshimoto et al., 2013; Jia and Jeon, 2019).