HMGB1 and Sepsis: Through the using of PAD2-specific inhibitors, they demonstrate that it could decrease NETosis and macrophage’casepase-11-dependent pyroptosis, and inhibition of caspase-11 activation could lead to reduce the release of IL-1α and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the peritoneal cavity, which increases the number of macrophages, significantly reduces bacterial load and inflammation in the blood, and ultimately increases survival and organ function after sepsis (54).