Targeting CD4 T cells in immunotherapy is receiving increasing attention owing to their pleiotropic antitumor roles, such as the ability to induce senescence of tumour cells (135, 136), to trigger the generation of tumoricidal macrophages (137, 138), to drive cytokine-dependent destruction of endothelial cells (139), and to help CD8 T cells, and more recently, they have also been recognized for their direct cytotoxic activity against tumour cells. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.