In general, most GAMs display the M2 phenotype due to activation of STAT3 and NF-κB, secretions of immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, TGF-β1, MCP-1 and PGE-2), and colony stimulating factor (CSF) secretions of the TME in GBM (77–81). Here, CXCL8 is linked to glioblastoma.