EGFR and infection: Several groups have already shown that activation of the EGFR cascade culminates in increased STAT1 activation and expression.59, 60, 61 This is particularly relevant in the context of vanadate-based oncolytic virotherapy, since we have previously shown that vanadate’s mechanism of action involves the increased phosphorylation and nuclear localization of STAT1 upon VSVΔ51 infection, both of which were also observed in this study (Figure 3).15