CAT and fetal growth restriction: Previous studies have revealed that IUGR offsprings tend to have increased ROS, 8-OHdG, protein carbonyl (PC), MDA, and H2O2, and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px), and phase II metabolizing enzymes (HO-1 and NQO1) (15, 17–20, 130, 146).