PDCD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In addition, Ren et al. [20] have demonstrated that hypoxia-prechallenged exosomes derived from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells carry miR-25; this cargo communicates information with the tumor cell microenvironment, reducing the expression of the PTEN, PDCD4, and RECK genes in NSCLC cells, which leads to the growth of cancer cells.