These have led to important discoveries, including: (i) evidence for significant decline in activity of ChAT in the neocortex of AD patients [24], (ii) reduced uptake/transport of choline in hippocampus and cortex [25], (iii) reduction in release of ACh into the synapse [2], and (iv) profound and selective degeneration (more than 75%) of cholinergic projections originating from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, particularly, the Ch4 neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert [26]. The gene discussed is CHAT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.