PKM and autoimmune disease: T cells upregulate PKM2 expression through the mTOR1-HIF1 signaling [48], and the nuclear translocation of dimeric PKM2 is improved to increase the STAT3 phosphorylation in T cells [49], which further enhances Th1 and Th17 differentiation by promoting the glycolysis metabolism, representing as a therapeutic target for T cell–dependent autoimmune diseases [25].