NFE2L2 and cancer: Kweider et al. (2011) explored the role of VEGF in cancer cell proliferation. Another study found a link between VEGF and Nrf2 activation, demonstrating that VEGF increased Nrf2 expression in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (Kweider et al., 2011). Shao et al. reported that curcumin upregulates Nrf2 and GSH and causes ROS scavenging, reduces the expression of VEGF, and inhibits hepatocarcinoma angiogenesis and invasion (Shao et al., 2019).